Football and ColonialismIn articles for the newspaper O Brado Africano in the mid 1950s, poet and journalist Jos Craveirinha described the ways in which the Mozambican football players in the suburbs of Loureno Marques (now Maputo) adapted the European sport to their own expressive ends. Through gesture, footwork, and patois, they used what Craveirinha termed maliceor cunningto negotiate their places in the colonial state. These manifestations demand a vast study,