Controversial Concordats: The Vatican's Relations with Napoleon, Mussolini, and HitlerControversial Concordats offers an engaging survey of the relationship of the Roman Catholic Church with three dictatorial figures in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: Napoleon, Mussolini, and Hitler. The essays reveal that the papacy not only played a key role in determining church state relations in particular countries, but also greatly influenced the general course of international relations and modern history from the era of the French