Music and Monumentality: Commemoration and Wonderment in Nineteenth Century GermanyA few weeks after the reunification of Germany, Leonard Bernstein raised his baton above the ruins of the Berlin Wall and conducted a special arrangement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. The central statement of the work, that all men will be brothers, captured the sentiment of those who saw a brighter future for the newly reunited nation. This now iconic performance is a palpable example of musical monumentality a significant concept which underlies