Blasphemous Modernism: The 20th-Century Word Made FleshScholars have long described modernism as heretical or iconoclastic in its assaults on secular traditions of form, genre, and decorum. Yet critics have paid surprisingly little attention to the related category of blasphemy the rhetoric of religious offense and to the specific ways this rhetoric operates in, and as, literary modernism. United by a shared commitment to the word made flesh, writers such as James Joyce, Mina Loy, Richard Bruce Nugent,