Voicing Gender: Castrati, Travesti, and the Second Woman in Early-Nineteenth-Century Italian OperaThe early 19th century was a period of acute transition in operatic tradition and style, when time honored practices gave way to the developing aesthetics of Romanticism, the rise of the tenor overtook the falling stars of the castrati, and the heroic, the masculine, and the feminine were profoundly reconfigured. These transformations resounded in operatic plot structures as well; the happy resolution of the 18th century twisted into a tragic 19th