Conversion and the Rehabilitation of the Penal System: A Theological Rereading of Criminal JusticeThe Cincinnati Penal Congress of 1870 ushered in the era of progressive penology: the use of statistical and social scientific methodologies, commitment to psychiatric and therapeutic interventions, and a new innovation the reformatory as the locus for the application of these initiatives. The prisoner was now seen as a specimen to be analyzed, treated, and properly socialized into the triumphal current of American social and economic life. The