Against Anti-Semitism: An Anthology of Twentieth-Century Polish WritingsPoland's relationship with its Jewish population has long been a subject of often agonizing debate. In September 1939, there were approximately 3. 3 million Jews living in Poland, the largest population in Europe. In May 1945, between 40,000 and 60,000 remained. Most of the Nazi death camps had been located on Polish soil. The intertwined issues of wartime complicity and victimhood haunt Poland to this day, complicated by the unavoidable fact that